... families and the health and well-being of the children and their parents. Measures 12 Mothers’ Health Behaviors. We examine mothers’ health behaviors at the time of the child’s birth, and between ... Hispanic, black, and other mothers in the FFS, and black (African or Caribbean), South Asian (Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi), other and white (reference) mothers in the MCS. The reference category ... and telephone call centers). Finally, to measure social integration in the FFS we use mothers’ reports of whether they have at least one close friend; whether they feel alone; and whether they...