... general. Second, it is an interpretation, in the sensethat it is our version of what the speaker meant, as far as we are able to assess that meaning. The two authors use the term “mental model” to ... comprehension than those from a reading and book-based cultural and educationalbackground. Moreover, learners whose native language possesses the stress and intonationfeature similar to those ... students listen, they usually apply the skills, the same uses in listening in their mothertongue, predict what they will hear and try to match them with the things they actually hear.Therefore,...