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MODAL AUXILIARIES
Modal auxiliaries are “helping” words that give specific meaning to and indicate the tense of the verb. Examples of modal auxiliaries are: PRESENT/FUTURE PAST/INDIRECT SPEECH MODAL PERFECTS Shall*/will would will/would have Can could could have May/might might may/might have Should should should have Ought to ought to ought to have
*Shall was traditionally used for the future in British English in the first and third persons. Nowadays it is being replaced more and more by will. Shall is used in both British and American English in formal speech to make an offer or a suggestion in the form of a question: Shall I answer the phone for you? Shall we take another look at the budget? It is generally not tested on the TOEIC.
STRATEGIES FOR MODAL AUXILIARY ITEMS ASK YOURSELF THESE QUESTIONS:
Is the main verb of the sentence in the present tense? If so, is there a modal in a present form in the subordinate clause?
INCORRECT [He is sure he could meet us there] CORRECT He is sure he can meet us there.
Is the main verb of the sentence in the past tense? If so, is there a modal in a past form in the subordinate clause?
INCORRECT [He thought he will retire soon.] CORRECT He thought he would retire soon.
Has the action of the verb in the subordinate clause occurred before the action of the main verb? If so, is there a modal perfect in the subordinate clause?
INCORRECT [I think that I might make a mistake yesterday.] CORRECT I think that I might have made a mistake yesterday.
1. Last week the consultant said (A) that the company shall hire (B) a public relations firm, which would help (C) their image greatly considering (D) recent profit losses.
Consultant (on sth) (n) a person who knows a lot about a particular subject and is employed to give advice about it to other people: Ex: The President’s consultant on economic affairs
Firm (n) a business or company: An engineering firm. A firm of accountants
2. The board of directors should be (A) deciding now who will get (B) promotions, who may be (C) trained for managerial positions, and who would be (D) fired.
3. Since She’s been told that she would have (A) seniority and can ask (B) for a transfer, she should look (C) for an opening in other departments and submit (D) a request.
4. The committee agrees that a solution must be (A) found right away, but the members cannot (B) agree on what it should be (C) or who might have been (D) the best people to implement it.
5. The procedures that we must follow (A) when we will have (B) problems using (C) the new copier are posted (D).
6. I would do (A) it if I could (B), but I can't (C), so I wouldn’t (D) even try.
7. Her mother, who passed away (A) last year, must be (B) a remarkable woman if she could take (C) care of a house, raise five children, and work (D) at her family’s store all at the same time.
To pass away (also To pass on) to die. People say ‘pass away’ to avoid saying ‘die’: Ex: His mother passed away last year.
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