STRATEGIES IN VIETNAMESE – ENGLISH TRANSLATION 1.Trần Thị Mỹ Hào 2.Lý Ngọc Huyền 3.Trần Hoàng Thanh Nhàn 4.Nguyễn Bạch Tuyết Ngân 5.Lê Thị Diệu Hiền CONTENT: TRANSLATION A WORD WITH I OMISSION • • Definition DIFFERENT MEANINGS • • Examples II  IV Examples Definition CHANGES OF PARTS AMPLIFICATION • • • III Definition Purpose Examples OF SPEECH • • • • Change a verb into a noun Change a verb into a preposition Change a verb into adjective Change a noun into a verb I OMISSION: What is omission? I OMISSION  Deletion of a lexical item due to grammatical or semantic patterns of the receptor language  Help avoiding lengthy and inaccurate sentences In Vietnamese language, there are many supporting words which don’t have clear meanings but mention categories in certain expressions I OMISSION While so many abstract nouns are used independently in English, they generally appear in combination with the mentioned words in Vietnamese sentences  Base on the context to have specific meanings or not to translate or omit I OMISSION Example 1: Việt Nam đối mặt với vấn đề ô nhiễm môi trường  Viet Nam is facing environmental pollution Example 2: Nạn đói nghèo xảy toàn thế giới  Poverty happened over the world I OMISSION Example 3: Hương Giang speech: “Tơi đòi quyền bình đẳng cho tất người mong muốn có sống tốt hơn, người chuyển giới vậy, người chuyển giới mong muốn hạnh phúc khơng bị kì thị…” Translation version: “ Everyone in the world want to be happy and transgender want to be happy also…” I OMISSION Exercise: Translate from Vietnamese into English Cục diện kinh tế Việt Nam có nhiều đổi  The economy of Viet Nam is changing Nhà trường hỗ trợ sinh viên vấn đề ăn lại  The school supports students travel and accommodation I OMISSION Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh tìm cách giải qút vấn đề tệ nạn xã hội  Ho Chi Minh city is trying to solve social evils Hiện tượng sương mù xuất hiện phía Bắc Việt Nam  The frog appears in the North of Viet Nam II AMPLIFICATION Definition Other words: Expansion, extension, diffusion Expressing information which is not present in the SL text may be added to the TL text Information added to the translation: cultural, technical, or linguistic The additional information: put in the text or out of the text III.CHANGES PART OF SPEECH  Exercises: Translate the sentence into English (change a verb into a noun) _Chúng tin nền kinh tế Việt Nam xếp vào 10 nước đứng hàng đầu thế giới  Our belief is that Vietnam’s economy will be at the top-ten of the world  The verb “tin” was replaced with the noun “belief” to match the suitable meaning in the target language III.CHANGES PART OF SPEECH  Exercises: Translate the sentence into English (change a verb into a noun) _ Người ta dự báo thời tiết hai ngày tới tệ  There is a prediction that the weather will be bad in the next two days  The verb “dự báo” was replaced by the noun “prediction” III.CHANGES PART OF SPEECH  Change a VERB into a PREPOSITION  Examples: _Con đem cuốc cho ba  (Child) bring the hoe out here for me (dad)  The verb “cho” in Vietnamese was translated as a preposition “for” in English III.CHANGES PART OF SPEECH  Change a VERB into a PREPOSITION  Example: _ Theo tơi nghe  According to what I heard  The verb “theo” was replaced with the preposition “according to” III.CHANGES PART OF SPEECH  Exercises: Translate the sentence into English (change a verb into a preposition) _ Anh đóng cửa lại cho tơi  Would you close the door for me?  The verb “ cho” was replaced by the preposition “for” III.CHANGES PART OF SPEECH  Change a VERB into an ADJECTIVE  Examples: a Tôi sợ buổi họp ngày mai không tham gia  I’m afraid that I couldn’t attend the meeting tomorrow  The verb “sợ” was replaced by the adjective “afraid” b Anh có biết là không?  Are you aware of time?  The verb “biết” was replaced by the adjective “aware” III.CHANGES PART OF SPEECH  Change a NOUN into an VERB  Examples: a Việc ngoài vào thời tiết lạnh thế này thực tệ  It’s too bad to go out in such cold weather  The noun “việc ngoài” was replaced by the verb “go out” b Kì vọng bố mẹ đặt nhiều vào cậu  His parents expected too much of him  The noun “kì vọng” was replaced by the verb “expected” III.CHANGES PART OF SPEECH Exercises: Translate these sentences into English and point out the change of part of speech a, Jenny nghi ngờ về việc tích đầy bí ẩn Peter có liên quan đến bữa tiệc thâu đêm ngày hôm qua  Jenny is suspicious of Peter’s mysterious disappearance involved in the overnight party yesterday (“nghi ngờ”  “suspicious”) b, Anh hiếm tự hào về làm  He was proud of what he did once in a blue moon (“tự hào”  “proud”) III.CHANGES PART OF SPEECH Exercises: Translate these sentences into English and point out the change of part of speech c, Người Việt Nam thường nhạy cảm với vấn đề giáo dục giới tính  The Vietnamese are sensitive to the sexual gender education (“nhạy cảm”  “sensitive”) d, Tôi thật ngại phải nói là tơi dở tốn  I am ashamed to say I’m very bad at maths (“ngại”  “ashamed”) III.CHANGES PART OF SPEECH Exercises: Translate these sentences into English and point out the change of part of speech e Anh thể hiện cách cư xử tồi tệ thi  He behaved badly in the contest (“cách cư xử”  “behaved”) f Mọi chuyện nếu cô là kẻ nói dối  It would be better if she didn’t tell a lie (“kẻ nói dối”  “tell a lie”) III.CHANGES PART OF SPEECH Exercises: Translate these sentences into English and point out the change of part of speech g Sophie có màn trình diễn tốt và nhận tràng pháo tay từ khán giả  Sophie performed well and receive the applause from the audience (“màn trình diễn”  “performed”) IV TRANSLATION A WORD WITH DIFFERENT MEANINGS  Translating a word with different meaning  Example 1: “Nghe” Anh ta khơng nghe nói  He doesn’t hear what she is saying  “Hear” refers to one’s ability to perceive sounds, by receiving vibrations through ears Họ nghe nhạc  They are listening to music  “Listen” is something done consciously, that involve the analysis and understanding of the sounds you hear IV TRANSLATION A WORD WITH DIFFERENT MEANINGS  In both Vietnamese and English one word has many different meanings  A same Vietnamese word can be translated into different English words, which depends on its combinations with others words and its specific meanings in various contexts IV TRANSLATION A WORD WITH DIFFERENT MEANINGS  Example 2: “Bánh” Mẹ tơi thích ăn bánh nhân trái  My mother is really like eating fruit cake Bà ngoại làm cho bánh táo  Grandma made me a delicious apple pie Chị tơi thích mua bánh cửa hàng  My sister just want to buy pastry in this shop  Bánh: cake, pie, pastry IV TRANSLATION A WORD WITH DIFFERENT MEANINGS  Exercise : Translate these sentences from Vietnamese to English       Tôi nghiên cứu xem máy này vận hành thế nào I’m studying how this machines operates Lisa nghiên cứu về môi trường cho bài thi cô Lisa is researching the environment subject for her exams Tôi muốn mua mũ màu đỏ I want to buy a new red hat Anh ta mua quần áo giá rẻ và bán lại với giá cao He purchases clothes at a low price and sells out at a high price Những bò ăn cỏ khơ The cows are feeding on hay Tôi muốn ăn cơm ăn phở I prefer eating rice to enjoying noodle ... DIFFERENT MEANINGS  In both Vietnamese and English one word has many different meanings  A same Vietnamese word can be translated into different English words, which depends on its combinations... abstract nouns are used independently in English, they generally appear in combination with the mentioned words in Vietnamese sentences  Base on the context to have specific meanings or not to translate... Expressing information which is not present in the SL text may be added to the TL text Information added to the translation: cultural, technical, or linguistic The additional information: put in