Lesson 10

I Vocabulary

1 illustration n /ˌɪləˈstreɪʃən / tranh ảnh minh họa

3 extraordinary a /ɪkˈstrɔːdnəri / bất thường, khác thường

9 misconception n /ˌmɪskənˈsepʃən/ sự nhận thức sai

11 multifaceted a / ˌmʌltiˈfæsitid / nhiều dạng, nhiều loại

17 modification n / ˌmɒdɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ sự sửa đổi, sự thay đổi

23 methodology n / ˌmeθəˈdɒlədʒi /əˈdɒlədʒi / phương pháp học 24 hypothesis n / haɪˈpɒθəˈdɒlədʒi /əsɪs / giả thuyết

34 destabilize v /diˈsteɪbəˌlaɪz / làm mất ổn định, mất kiểm soát

39 periodically adv /ˌpɪərɪˈɒdɪkəli / định kì

40 intermittently adv /ˌɪntəˈmɪtntli / cách quãng, từng cơn

43 inadvertently adv /ˌɪnədˈvɜːtəntli / một cách vô ý

53 mythical a /ˈmɪθəˈdɒlədʒi /ɪkəl/ chỉ có trong huyền thoại, tưởng tượng mà ra

55 misrepresentation n ˌmɪsreprɪzenˈteɪʃən/ sự xuyên tạc, sự bóp méo

II Structures

3 blame sb for doing St đổ lỗi cho ai đã làm gì 4 scold/ reproach sb for doing St trách mắng ai làm gì

6 translate St into St dịch cái gì ra cái gì

13 contribute to st/doing st góp phần vào cái gì/ làm gì

19 give the game away vô tình phát hiện một bí mật

22 put st across giải thích/ trình bày cái gì rõ ràng, hiệu quả 23 have a go at

have a go to do st = try doing st

nỗ lực, cố gắng thử làm gì

24 throw dust into one's eyes lừa dối ai bằng cách trình bày sai

III Practice exercise 10

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to theunderlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

Question 1: I was taken aback , lines of motion, such as the one she used, are a very recent invention in

the history of illustration.

A was surprised B was frightened C was terrified D was scolded

Question 2: The answer was not clear So I decided to test whether various lines of motion were apt waysof showing movement or if they were merely idiosyncratic marks.

Question 3: With the zoo world’s rather m ediocre record on conservation, one might be forgiven for

being slightly skeptical about such an advertisement.

Question 4: Marchand, who is a former city councilor, said some at the meetings supported the project,but many more felt “betrayed" by the city because it plans to i nvoke a section of the city charter to

sidestep zoning rules that limit new construction to 29 storeys.

Question 5: Adults and children are frequently c onfronted with statements about the alarming rate of

loss of tropical rainforests.

Question 6: These misconceptions do not remain isolated but become incorporated into a multifaceted,but organized, conceptual framework, making it and the component ideas, some of which are e rroneous,

more robust but also accessible to modification.

Question 7: Prodigious efforts, accelerated during two world wars, were required before the technologyof primitive rocketry could be translated into the reality of sophisticated astronauts.

A changed into another language B sent to

Question 8: Roland Emmerich's natural-disaster movie cleverly runs with the scientific theory that

instead of global warming we may be heading towards an ice age prompted by the slowing of the Gulf Stream.

A proceeds with B ends with C connects with D derives from

Question 9: Then, when he dared to b uild his hopes up again after making it back for Scotland's

summer tour of the southern hemisphere, he wrecked his ankle in the opening half hour of the trip.

Question 10: Drama develops out of a crisis when March Banks declares his love for Candida to Morell,who suddenly realizes that the foundations of his marriage are built on sand

Question 11: The appointment of two foreign agencies who had not covered themselves with glory in

Wall Street does not lend credibility.

Question 12: After passing through the repulsing process, the fibers from printed waste paper are grey incolor because the printing ink has s oaked into the individual fibers.

A penetrated B run off C dyed D bleached

Question 13: It is in the light of an expectation that some observations are held to be relevant and some

irrelevant, that one methodology is chosen and others discarded, that some experiments are conducted and others are not.

Question 14: If the predictions turn out to be correct then your hypothesis has been supported and may

be retained until such time as some further test shows it not to be correct.

Question 15: Good health has been connected to the smooth mechanical operation of the body, while illhealth has been attributed to a breakdown in this machine.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning tothe underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

Question 16: Fewer students responded that rainforests provide plant habitats, and even fewer mentionedthe i ndigenous populations of rainforests.

Question 17: These observations are generally consistent with our previous studies of pupils' views about

the use and conservation of rainforests, in which girls were shown to be more sympathetic to animals and

expressed views which seem to place an intrinsic value on animal life.

Question 18: The rest of us took after our grandmother's people, the recipients of a strong gene of

predictable traits, like the double chins much in evidence on every other relative in my field of vision A cared for B resembled C were different from D looked up

Question 19: By constantly opening and closing these heating and cooling vents over the course of theday the termites succeed in keeping the temperature constant in spite of the wide fluctuations outside.

Question 20: A long cylindrical tube was p ropped up by two sticks and fastened to the top of the

launcher, thereby allowing the rockets to be inserted and lit from the other end.

A destabilized B supported C carried out D taken along

Question 21: Other causes, in decreasing order of frequency, were illness in family, family social function, work to do at home and bereavement

Question 22: Despite the fact that rockets had been used s poradically for several hundred years, they

remained a relatively minor artefact of civilization until the twentieth century.

A intermittently B regularly C occasionally D periodically

Question 23: Saria and Raj then complained loudly to their team members that the artists took against

them right from the start "because we weren't posh enough" A took a dislike to

C felt hostile towards B became friendly towards D looked askance on

Question 24: They gave the game away last year when the Government suggested church schools

educate more children who are in care, and they recoiled in horror A deliberately kept a secret

B inadvertently revealed something secret C won the competition

D lost the negotiation

Question 25: The food g ave out the first day, and the dreadful cold was rendered more intense by the

pangs of hunger.

Question 26: It must be nice to be i n the pay of eccentric old rich conservative men, who arrange for

you to testify in congress about things you know nothing about.

A dismissed by B employed by C awarded by D punished by

Question 27: Always willing to talk to the media, and skilled in p utting his view across, he reserved

most of his energies for negotiations at the highest political levels.

A communicating his view effectively B disapproving his opinion C explaining his ideas clearly D conveying his view unclearly

Question 28: Coming into the final kilometer, no single team had taken control of the sprint, and riderswere all across the road in what was quickly becoming a chaotic finish, with almost every team having a g o at an elusive stage win.

Question 29: I hope that by thinking carefully about nuclear energy we will find ways to distinguish

between the very proper concerns that any new technology raises, and the mythical promises or terrors

that only throw dust in our eves.

A deceive us by misrepresentation B lead us to the truth

Question 30: Like the best of teachers, Sontag stirs the imagination, ultimately encouraging readers toengage their minds and t hink for themselves.

A have an independent mind B be selfish